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fme_914951 - SECOND EMPIRE Médaille de la campagne d’Italie

SECOND EMPIRE Médaille de la campagne d’Italie XF
35.00 €(Approx. 37.80$ | 29.05£)
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Type : Médaille de la campagne d’Italie
Date: 1859
Mint name / Town : Italie
Metal : silver
Diameter : 35 mm
Orientation dies : 12 h.
Engraver BARRE Albert Désiré (1818-1878)
Weight : 14,53 g.
Edge : lisse
Coments on the condition:
Patine hétérogène, des taches d’oxydation à l’avers et un reste de papier collé au revers

Obverse


Obverse legend : NAPOLEON III - EMPEREUR.
Obverse description : Tête laurée à gauche de Napoléon III.

Reverse


Reverse legend : *CAMPAGNE D’ITALIE* - 1859 // MONTEBELLO / PALESTRO / TURBIGO / MAGENTA / MARIGNAN / SOLFERINO.
Reverse description : Légende circulaire et en 6 lignes.

Commentary


Diamètre sans bélière : 30,5 mm
La médaille commémorative de la campagne d'Italie de 1859 est une médaille accordée par l'empereur Napoléon III aux militaires français ayant participé à la campagne d'Italie (1859).
La médaille fut accordée pour la première fois par Napoléon III directement sur le champ de bataille italien le 11 août 1859. Puis elle fut assignée à tous ces officiers et personnel de troupe qui eurent activement pris part au service de l'armée française pendant le début de la seconde guerre d'indépendance italienne. La médaille était accordée aux soldats français seulement, mais il survint des cas très rares pour lesquels elle fut remise à des soldats piémontais qui furent distingués pour mérites spéciaux envers l'armée française..

Historical background


SECOND EMPIRE

(02/12/1852-04/09/1870)

Proclaimed Emperor under the name of Napoleon III, Louis Napoleon made his solemn entry into Paris on December 2, 1852.. He married Eugénie Marie de Montijo, a Spanish aristocrat, in January 1853. His reign can be divided into three periods: the authoritarian Empire until 1860; the Liberal Empire from 1860 to 1870 then the Parliamentary Empire in 1870. During the authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III exercised his power without sharing, controlled the press while the newspapers practiced self-censorship to avoid their suppression.. The prefects exercise unlimited power in the departments, the mayors, the civil servants are appointed by the government. As under the First Empire, Education and the University are monitored. Maintaining the main principles of the revolution, the sovereignty of the people is continued thanks to the consultation by plebiscite. On the economic level, the boom is important, industrialization develops as well as credit organizations and department stores. Military prestige is increased by the Crimean War which allows France to play an international role. The attack of Orsini (January 1858) does not prevent France from intervening in Italy to make triumph the principle of nationalities and allows the attachment of Nice and Savoy by the treaty of Turin (March 1860). From 1860, the Empire moved towards more freedoms: free trade treaty with England, appearance of a weak opposition in the Legislative Body, granting of the right to strike (1864), liberalization of the press (1868). On the international level, France acquires New Caledonia, Cochinchina and encourages the digging of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. In Mexico, however, support for Maximilian and Austria was a failure. The 1869 elections were very bad for the regime and the opposition obtained 45% of the votes. The regime then evolved towards a parliamentary Empire by calling Émile Ollivier, leader of the Orléanist and liberal party, to power. After Sadowa in 1866 when Prussia crushed Austria, the affair of the throne of Spain and the dispatch from Ems led to the war which was declared on July 19, 1870. Accumulating setbacks, the French army was surrounded in Metz then Napoleon III, ill, capitulated at Sedan on September 2. As soon as the news was known, the decline of the Empire was announced by Gambetta, then the Republic was proclaimed on September 4.. Napoleon III was then taken captive to Hesse and then left for Kent where he died in 1873..

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